Read the introduction into Bewoulf translation by Seamus Heaney (text below) and find aswers to the following questions.
1.
How did Sheamus Heaney develop “a fondness
for the melancholy and fortitude that characterized the poetry“? Why is his
“fondness” associate with studies in an American university? What is a fortitude
of poetry?.
2.
How does Sheamus Heaney describe his work
process in translating the poem? What were the steps in his approach? Did he change this working method, why?
3.
What likeness did he notice in Anglo-Saxon
poetry to his poems? What can you assume
from this?
4.
How do you understand the definition
„spiky consonants“? How does a language impress you when you hear these
spiky sounds? What do you think of
people, of communication dressed in such sound character?
5.
What is Sheamus Heaney's attitude to the
Irish language? Why? What does he refer to when he speaks of “the right of
voice”?
6.
How does he characterize his attitude to
Irish/English language relationship? Did he have any
feeling of the opposition between the languages?
7.
What does he mean when he speaks of
Celto-British Land of Cockaigne?
The text of the Introduction is here: https://www.wwnorton.com/college/english/nael/beowulf/introbeowulf.htm
2.
Simon Armitage translation of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=74glI1lg1CQ
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